LINUX Commands

LINUX Commands

Update the kali with complete Distribution upgrade:

• sudo apt update
• sudo apt upgrade
• sudo apt full-upgrade -y
• sudo apt dist-upgrade -y

Same on windows equivalent

• PS C:\Users> winget.exe upgrade --all --include-unknown

How to Get Hostname and version of Linux

• hostnamectl
• lsb_release -a
• cat /etc/os-release

Run without Admin Access

• Create - run.bat, then below lines
• Set_COMPAT_LAYER=RunAsInvoker
• Start Chrome.exe

external IP address

• $ curl ifconfig.me

Search the commands in History 

• use CTRL + R and typing

Mount A network Drive 

• sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.1.5/GNAS /mnt/nwgnas

Certain Linux commands:

• screenfetch
• glmark2
• lscpu
• lsblk

Network Address Commands

• ip address
• if config

To identify IPV6 address available 

• netsat -tlnp | grep tcp6
• ip -6 addr

for Windows

netsh interface ipv6 show subinterfaces

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Boot Disk Installer:

• https://netboot.xyz/
• https://www.ventoy.net/en/index.html
• https://medicatusb.com/

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Wi-Fi

Reference : https://developer-old.gnome.org/NetworkManager/stable/nmcli.html

•  nmcli general                                                

• STATE      CONNECTIVITY  WIFI-HW  WIFI     WWAN-HW  WWAN   

•  nmcli connection show

• NAME    UUID    TYPE      DEVICE  
• sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager
• nmcli radio wifi off  
• nmcli radio wifi on
• nmcli device wifi list

Connect to a password-protected wifi network

• $ nmcli device wifi connect "$SSID" password "$PASSWORD"

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GREP command

Nmap : using Grep to filter IP addresses
Syntax : cat ip.txt | grep "text to search" | cut -d"" -f 2 | sort | uniq

cat ip.txt | grep -e "Status: Up"    

SEARCH commands: 

find : sudo find / -type f -name apache2

whereis

locate

which

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Installing deb package  

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

Load the wl module: https://wiki.debian.org/wl

sudo modprobe wl

Updating snap store in Ubuntu 

sudo snap refresh snap-store

Enable write permission on HFS+ HDD on Ubuntu

sudo df

sudo lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT,LABEL

sudo blkid

sudo fdisk -l

 sudo apt install hfsprogs 

 sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /media/gouti/HDD_MAC

$ sudo umount /dev/sdb2

$ sudo mount -t hfsplus -o rw,force /dev/sdb2 /mnt/HDDmac/

Search a command to install from CLI:

:~ $ apt search hwinfo

Sorting... Done                                                                                                                    

Full Text Search... Done                                                                                                          

backupninja/oldstable,oldstable 1.2.1-1 all                                                                                        

  lightweight, extensible meta-backup system                                                                                      

                                                                                                                                   

forensics-extra/oldstable,oldstable 2.29 all                                                                                      

  Forensics Environment - extra console components (metapackage)                                                                  

                                                                                                                                   

hwinfo/oldstable 21.72-1 arm64                                                                                                    

  Hardware identification system                                                                                                  

                                                                                                                                   

libhd-dev/oldstable 21.72-1 arm64

  Hardware identification system library and headers

libhd-doc/oldstable,oldstable 21.72-1 all

  Hardware identification system library documentation

libhd21/oldstable 21.72-1 arm64

  Hardware identification system library

:~ $ sudo apt install hwinfo

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MacBook pro 2012 : Ubuntu boot Error: uninstall kernel when  kernel panic not syncing:

While Booting press options key  

Advance Ubuntu

select lower version kernel - login then perform the following commands to uninstall the kernel which causes problem

Ubuntu-boot-error-kernel

Now use the below GUI to uninstall:

Method 1: Installing Latest Mainline Kernel on Ubuntu via GUI

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cappelikan/ppa

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

sudo apt install -y mainline

If the GUI is not able to uninstall, get the error message as dependences and paste them as below to remove manually 

sudo apt remove linux-headers-6.5.0-27-generic linux-image-6.5.0-27-generic linux-modules-extra-6.5.0-27-generic  linux-modules-6.5.0-27-generic

Then use autoremove purge to remove residues 

sudo apt autoremove --purge 

sudo apt update 

sudo apt upgrade -y

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sudo apt install iptraf-ng

iptraf-ng -i eth0

iptraf-ng -i wlan0

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Remote desktop Ubuntu machine  using Remmina

on the client machine Enable the sharing option

then enable the VNC, the click on the hamburger menu and select use password.

Linux Command Line Browser:

https://lynx.invisible-island.net/

Sudo apt install lynx -y 

terminal browser

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Enable SSH on Kali

:~@ sudo apt install openssh-server

:~@ sudo systemctl start ssh

:~@ sudo systemctl enable ssh

:~@ ssh kali@192.168.1.10

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Nmap

Nmap Tutorial to find Network Vulnerabilities

nmap -sS -D 10.1.0.1

-D = decoy  and specifying a dummy ip-address 

Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE)

to check vulnerabilities 

sudo nmap --script vuln 

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dig www.google.com  = gives the IP address 

-Pn  No Host discovery  = Nmap skips the host searching process & performs full target scan 

-PS means TCP SYN request

-PA means TCP ACK request

-PU means UDP request 

-PE means ICMP echo request 

-PR means ARP request

TCP Scan Types 

-sS    TCP SYN scan ( half open scan / stealthy  scan)

-sT = TCP  connect scan (full open scan)

-sN = TCP  NULL scan

-sF = TCP  FIN scan

-sX = TCP  Xmas scan

-sA = TCP  ACK scan

-sW = TCP window scan

-sM  = TCP maimon scan

-F  flag  does a fast scan 

e.g. nmap  -F 192.168.1.1

Timing template 

-T5  insane 

-T4  aggressive

-T3  Normal

-T2  polite

-T1 sneaky

-T0 paranoid 

-sV  = Service version detection

sudo nmap -sV -O -F 10.0.2.4 

E.g. = nmap -T4 -F 192.168.1.*

-A option provide details and inbuilt script of nmap scan

sudo nmap -A -T4 192.168.1.*

nmap saving output files

-oN = Human readable text file

-oX = Machine readable file

-oG = Grepable text file

-v  = allows to see progress by nmap 

DNS spoofing: 

windows powershell : ipconfig /displaydns

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